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A. SCHABADT. GALGULATINGMAGHINB.

No. 595,347. Patented Deo. 14,1897.

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GALGULATING MACHINE.

No. 595,347. Patented Deo.14,1897.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

ABRAHAM SCHABADT, OF MINSK, RUSSIA.

CALCULATING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 595,347, dated December 14, 1897.

Application filed September 22, 1896. Serial Nol 606,662l (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ABRAHAM SCHABADT, a subject of the Emperor of Russia, residing at Minsk, Russia, have invented cert-ain new and useful Improvements in Calculating-Mae chines, of which the following is a full and clear specication.

The object of this invention is a calculating-machine with which both additions and subtractions, as well as multiplications and divisions, of numbers can be made, the distinguishing feature of said machine being that the numerals of each rank are mounted on link bands or belts movable forward and backward over rollers, every row of figures being carried over automatically and at the right moment to the rank next in value.

The new calculatin g-machine is represented in the accompanying drawings as follows:

Figures l and 2 are top views with the rows of figures in different positions as they occur in computations. Fig. 3 is a ground plan of the machine with the lid-plate taken off, so

as to show the whole mechanism. Fig. 4: is

. mission mechanism; and Fig. 6, a View, and

Fig. 7 a ground plan, of the latter on an enlarged scale. Fig. S shows a modification of the transmission mechanism.

As will be seen from Figs. 3 and et, the individual endless bands carrying the numerals of the rows of numbers are composed of distinct links, each of which bears a figure. These endless link bands CZ run over two rollers a a', one of which, a, is made circular in cross-section and the other, a', is shaped like a sprocket -wheel. These two rollers are housed in the lateral Walls c, which form at the same time their connection. Further, for the purpose of giving to the link bands a certain tension, an adjustable tension devicehas been provided, acting on the roller a. This device consists of a tension-rod 7o, bearing the axle of a by means of an eye. This axle protrudes through the lateral walls, passing through a slit Z, and rests by means of a nnt 7c', adjustable on its thread, against a bracket c' on the'lateral wall c. This tension device is arranged on both ends of the axle in order to obtain an exact adjustment of the axle of the rollers perpendicularly on the longitudinal direction of the link band. Further, for the purpose of making possible the exact adj ust-ment of the individual link belts d at any of the figures at will without having to effect this adjustment by hand, a suitable simple ratchet-gear has been arranged actuating the sprocket-wheel-like roller a. This ratchet-gear consists of a roller f, housed in a block f2, the axle of which, f', runs parallel to both axles of a and a and protrudes through the lateral walls c and moves in slits 7l, managed therein. The block f2 is secured to one end of the guide-rod f3, while its other end protrudes through a partitionwall g, moving at g. A spiral spring f'l is fitted between the block f2 and the partitionwall g and presses the roller f against the sprocket-wheel-like roller a. In this arran gement it is only necessary that, as is the case in the example of operation, every tooth of this roller a corresponds to the length of one of the links of the link band CZ. Now, however, the transfer of the adjacent link bands from a lower to the next higher rank must be effected automatically during the calculation. To this effect an automatic transferring mechanism is to be provided. In this invention this transfer is effected in a very simple manner by the adjustment of transferring-teeth d d2 to the link bands ol on that side of the said bands which faces the next higher rank of figures, but always to that link at which the transfer to the next row of figures is to take place. On the side of each link band facing the next lower rank the teeth d are fitted uninterruptedly. For the purpose of obtaining, further, that all the link bands CZ move in the same direction during the calculation according to the relative species this invention provides for small trans mission-wheels b, fitted between every two link bands. These small wheels h are made to revolve loosely on an axle running parallel to the axles of a and a and are axially displaceable, said axle being housed at one end in c and at the other end in a bearing at c. A spring m keeps the wheels l) constantly pressed to the side of the link band of the lower rank. Only at the moment of transmission they are in gear with the teeth on both sides of the adjacent link bands, and they are brought into Contact by a contrivance which IGO is best seen in Figs. 6 and 7, showing the transmission mechanism on an enlarged scale. It consists of cheeks di", punched out of d and adapted to the transmission-teeth d", which cheeks actuate the legs c of small bent levers revolving on the vertical axle c', while the other legs c2 press against the small transmission-wheel I), kept out of gear by a spring m, and can throw this wheel into gear with the teeth d. In order to simultaneously interlock the teeth d2 with b it is necessary to have them project slightly beyond the bands d, as shown in the drawings at Figs. 4 and 7. The two bent levers c, pivoted at e', are so arranged as to act alternately-i'. e., the one when the band CZ is pushed forward, the other when the band d is drawn backward.

The link bands d are made to consist of just so many links as will make an exact multiple of the number of units contained in each rank. The individual links are connected through joints, between which the operator can insert his finger while moving the bands d. On one side are the numerals, which are put on according to the units contained in each rank for instance, after the decimal system the numerals 1 to 9 and O would have to be put on in succession on each of the link bands. It is the same after the duodecimal system with which the numerals 1 to 11 and 0 are to be put on in succession on the links of the various link bands. lVith this system, however, the division by twelve has to be considered only in so far as the highest rank of the system of measures, currency, or weights is not concerned. lVhen this highest rank is reached, the decimal division only is to be considered. The transfer from the lower to the next higher rank must always be made when the number of units of the lower rank contained in the higher rank is completed. With the decimal system, for instance, the transmission should always be provided at every tenth link of the link bands of the lower rank, while with the d uodecimal system it has to be adjusted only at every twelfth tooth. In the lid of the calculating-machine, closing the said mechanism from above, there are slits u, directly over the interstices between the joints of the individual links, through which slits the fingers can be inserted. These slits are so long that they show the number of units of the lower rank contained in the next higher rank and allow their displacement-for instance, eleven links for the decimal system, fourteen for the duodecimal system. Near the upper ends of these slits are provided apertures V, wherein the numerals themselves appear. (See Figs. 1 and 2.)

lith this calculating-machine computa tions are very easy to make. If a certain number-for instance, 1,384 -is to be added to a given number-for instance, 321 -(see Fig. 1,) the number 321 is iirst put on, beginning from the right, moving the link bands in the direction of the arrows, Figs. 1 and 2, in the following manner: For putting on the numeral 1 (supposing that all the link bands show the figure 0) the finger is inserted in the first interstice from the bottom of the iirst link band to the right and draws the band backward, then in the second interstice of the next higher rank and in the third interstice of the hundreds-rank, each time drawing the relative bands d so far until the finger gets at the bottom end of the slit u. The number 321 being now put on, there are to be added thirteen hundred and eighty-four units. To this effect the operator inserts his finger in the fourth aperture of the units and draws' back the band as far as possible in the direction of the arrows. The figure 5 7 will then appear at the aperture V above. After this he inserts his fin ger in the eight-h aperture of the tens-band and draws this back likewise. This tens-band was already displaced by two units in the same direction, so that ten units in all, being the total of units contained in the next higher rank, are hereby completed. Consequently the transfer to the hundreds is to be made, and instead of the 3 a et must appear at the aperture V, while at the tens-aperture there must be a 0. For the hundreds the band must be drawn by three units farther, the finger being inserted in the third slit of the band, and after the same has been moved the figure 7 will appear at the aperture V above. For the thousands the band must be moved one. Consequently for this rank the iigure 1 will appear at the aperture, so that the sum-total appears correctly-1'705- For making subtractions the bands are moved in an opposite direction tothe arrows; otherwise in exactly the same manner, only the number at the apertures must of course be taken from the upper end of the slit.

llIultiplications are to be treated as simple or multiple additions of the same number and effected accordingly, while divisions are easily treated as multiple subtractions of the same number from a given number.

Instead of the single small transmissionwheel Z), revolving' on a horizontal axle, two such wheels, being the small toothed wheels .e e in Fig. 8, turning on a vertical axle, can be applied. Of these wheels, catches on one side into the uninterrupted row of teeth d of one of the link bands and on the other side into the other wheel e', which latter corresponds to the transmission-teeth cl2 of the pre ceding link band. The arrangement of two wheels is necessary in order to make all the link `bands move in the same direction.

I claim- 1. A calculating machine, consisting of link bands placed side by side and running over rollers a, a; said link bands having on one side an uninterrupted row of teeth d', and 0n the other side transmission-teeth d2 adjusted to some of the links only; each link Z of the link bands bearing a numeral of the respective ranks; of devices for` stretching the link bands, devices for automatically IIO holding the link bands in place While the iigures are being set, and devices for the transmission from a link band of the lower rank to that of the next higher rank substantially as described.

2. In combination, the link bands, the rollers d et over which they pass, said roller a being in the form of a ratchet, and a locking device therefor comprising a roller f arranged Within the circuit of the band and pressing on the roller a', the block f2 carrying the roller f, the spring push-rod f8, and the Walls c and g forming guides for the axle of the roller and for the push-rodf3 respectively, substantially as described.

3. In a calculating-machine the combina tion of a transmission device consisting of a small toothed Wheel b, loosely journaled and displaceable on ahorizontal axle, a spring m keeping said toothed Wheel b out of gear with the teeth all, two bent levers e rocking on vertical axles c', one leg c2 of Which levers is in touch with b and the other leg e2 is in the Way of a projection cl3 at the link bands, both legs e2 in touch with Z), facing each other, substantially as described and for the purpose as stated.

4. In combination in a calculating-machine, the link bands, the continuous rouT of teeth d on one band, the transmission-teeth d2 on the other band, and transmitting means between the bands comprising the toothed Wheels, substantially as described.

Signed at Berlin, Prussia, this 25th day of March, 1896.

ABRAHAM SOHABADT.

Witnesses:

W. HAUPT, OHARLEs H. DAY. 

